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Aug. 33,1946. s, MELONE ETAL RIVET Filed March 51, 1945 F ll Patented Aug. 13, 1946 T'UNITED STATES PATENT. OFFICE RIVET Samuel Milone and Charles W. Rothfeld, Philadelphia, Pa.

Application March 31, 1943, Serial No. 481,350 6 Claims. (CI. 85-37) This invention relates to new and useful im- Figure 1 is a view in perspective of a rivetem- 'provements in rivets, and more particularly to bodying the present invention; rivets adapted for application from One side only Figure 2 is a view partially in section showing of the work tobe riveted together. the rivet inserted through aligned openings in a In the construction and assembly of structures pair of structural plates and in position to be set; of metal and other materials one generally em- Figure 3 is a view similar to the disclosurein ployed method of attaching pieces of material is Figure 2 showing the rivet applied S by riveting, and this is particularly true in the Figures 4 and 5 are diagrammatic Vi ws P case of aircraft and similar structures where ly in Sect on Showing the manner or method many of the parts are shaped and arranged so in by which the rivet may e se n that there is not suflicient clearance or space for Figures 6 and 7 are views showing the present the use or insertion of the usual bucking bars. In invention embodied in a novel bolt construction such instances, it is necessary either to employ a to provide for securing a nut thereon against distype of rivet that may be applied from one side placement. only of the work, or to'employ a mode of assem- Referring now more particularly to the drawbly other than riveting. ing, a rivet embodying the present invention com- It is known that rivets of the type which may prises essentially integral an ni y head and be applied from only one side of the work are to Shank p ns l d r p e y As shown, be found in the prior art. However; such rivets e an 2 is of a predetermined diameter less for the most part consist of a, plurality of sepa n V than that Of the head I and includes a coaxially able parts and are generally objectionable in that extending neck tion 3 of reduced diameter d the several parts must be assembled and also held a shoulder flange portion 4 disposed in radially in assembled relation while the rivet is inserted spaced ctfncentric relation with respect to Said through the work to be riveted together. This neck Pottlon requires time and care on the part of theuser The neck portion 3 of the Shank Projects and generally slows down production. Further- Wardly beyond the Spaced concentric shoulder more, such rivets when secured in place are genflange 4 as Shown t the base of the Saltt t emny of the open or type and this is 3 and the base of said shoulder flange reside in neither adequate nor desirable for many classes z Plane whlch crqss'sectmnany of and kinds of Work. e shank 2 1n predetermined axially spaced rela- The present invention, therefore, contemplates 9 t respect to the adJactent or undermce certain improvements in rivets of the type that the nvet head practtce and as shown m y be pp from one side only of the Work igure 2 of the drawing, the distance or space beand the principal object of the invention is to provide a novel rivet of the type described which comprises an integral and unitary structure.

Another object of the invention is to provide a the plane of the bases of the neck 3 and flange 4 preferably is equal to the thickness of the two or more pieces of material that are to be secured together by the rivet. Too, the axial length and unltary nvet of the type set forth Whlch of radial thickness of the shoulder flange 4 in a stantially solid construction and therefore pro- 40 given rivet may vary according t t size and vides a rivet characterized by ts high resistance nature of the pieces of material to be riveted to shear stresses. together.

Another object of the invention is to provide a novel rivet of the character described which, when rivet f the present invention th is shown fin lly t, fully closes e Opening in which the in Figure 2, a pair of overlying metal plates A rivet is secured as distinguished from a rivet of and B Suitably drilled for attachment by t;

the tubular eyelet typewhich is inserted through the plate holes as indi- A further object is to embody the novel features cated w t the rivet positioned as shown in of the invention'in a bolt construction for secursaid Figure 2 it may then be finall .s by in a nu thereon against displacement?- grasping the neck portion 3 thereof and exerting These and other objects of the invention and pull axially on th rivet i di e ti away the various features and details of the construcfrom th h et B t seat and hold the rivet head tion and application thereof are hereinafter fully firmly against th sheet A nd, t the same set forth a d shown in t e acco p y g draW- time, the shoulder flange 4 is spun and thereby ing, in which: a rolled outwardly over and onto the adjacent su'r' tween the under face la. of the rivet head I and As illustrative of the manner of applying the face of said sheet B. The projecting neck portion 3 of the rivet then may be broken away to provide a riveted joint constructed and arranged as shown in Figure 3 of the drawing.

One form of device for setting the rivet is shown in Figures 4 and 5 of the drawing. This device may comprise a pair of cooperable jaws 6 carried on the outer end of a shaft 1 which is mounted for axial movement within a fixedly mounted tubular bushing 8. The interior surface of the bushing 8 at the outer end thereof is inclined or beveled as indicated at 9 and corre- 4 base of the neck l6 reside in a common plane which lies cross-sectionally of the shank in axially spaced relation with respect to the adjacent or under face of the head [4.

The exterior surface of the shank l5 which resides between the head 14 and the plane of the bases of the neck l5 and flange I1 is threaded as indicated at E8 to receive thereon a nut l9, it being understood that the saidthreaded shank portion has an axial length suflicient' to extend v entirely through the pieces of material A and sponding inclined surfaces are provided on the outer lateral surfaces of the jaws 6 as shown,

Mounted exteriorly of the fixed bushing 8 for both rotary and longitudinal sliding movement with respect thereto is a sleeve NJ the outer end of which is provided with an axial opening I l and formed as indicated at l2 to provide a tool for spinning or rolling overthe rivet shoulder flange 4. Normally, When the device is not in use, the shaft 1 and jaws 6 are. held in their outermostposition longitudinally with respect to the bushing 8, and with their end faces abutting the inner end face of the sleeve ill, by means of a spring 13. With the jaws 6 held in this position by said spring 13 they reside outwardly along the inclined surfaces 9 .of the bushing a distancesufllcient to permit said jaws to open to an extent to permit insertion therebetween of the neck 3 of the rivet.

When the rivet neck 3 is inserted inwardly of the end opening llv of the sleeve 10 and between the jaws 6, as aforesaid, the shaft I and said jaws 6 are retracted or actuated relative to the same time, advanced relative to thebushing 8 toward the sheet or plate B, thereby causing the tool end l2 of said sleeve to engage and spin or roll the rivet shoulder flange 4 outwardly over and onto theadjacent surface of the sheet or plate B as shown in Figure 5 of the drawing.

The sleeve 10 is then retracted and the pull on shaft I released, whereupon the spring l3 actuates the jaws forwardly or outwardly of the bushing causing them to release their grip upon the rivet neck 3 and the device then may be removed and the rivet neck 3 broken away to providethe riveted joint construction of Figure 3. i i

The invention may be employed as well in conjunction with bolts and the like where it is desiredto secure a nut or like element thereon against removal or displacement. The invention, therefore, may be employed to advantage to look a nuttightly upona bolt or, in the caseof nuts which sometimes are loosely threaded on a'bolt, a.

to prevent further loosening and removal of the nut as is sometimes accomplished at the present time by means of cotter pins, additional lock'nuts, and the like. I I r Referring to Figure 6 of the drawing, a bolt 7 B to be secured together and, in addition, to project beyond them a distance sufficient to receive a nut 19 thereon as shown in the drawing.

W hen the nut 19 has been threaded and tightened on the shank 15 to the desired extent, the shoulder flange I! may then be spun or rolled outwardly and over onto the adjacent nut surface as shown in Figure '7, thereby preventing removal or loosening of the nut 19. The shoulder flange i! may be spun or rolled over in the manner and by a device such as that previously described in connection with the rivet form of the invention. I a

From the foregoing it will be seen that the present invention provides a novel rivet that may be applied from one side only of the work and which is of unitary solid construction providing high resistance to shear stresses. The invention also provides a bolt construction having a novel construction and arrangement for securing a nut thereon against removal, displacement and loosening. I

- While particular embodiments of the invention have been herein illustrated and described, it is not intended that the invention be limited to such disclosures but that changes and modifications may be made and embodied therein within .the scope of theclaims.

We claim:

l. A preformed .unitary headed fastening element comprising a. shank of predetermined diameterless thansaid head and including a coaxiallyextending neck portion of reducedv diameter and a radially spaced concentric straight cylindrical shoulder flange portion, the base of the flange portion and the base of the neck portion being in a common plane cross-sectionally of said shank in axially spaced relation to said head. j

2. A preformed unitary headed fastening element comprising a shank of predetermined diameter less than said head and including a coaxially extending neck portion of reduced diameter and a radially spaced concentric straight cylindrical shoulder flange portion, said neck portion extending axially outward beyond said shoulder flange portion and the base of the flange portion and the base of the neck portion being in a common plane cross-sectionally of said shank in axially spaced relation to said head.

3. A preformed unitary rivet comprising a head and anintegral shank portion of predetermined diameter less than said head, said shank including a coaxially extending neck portion of reduced diameter and a straight cylindrical shoulder flange portion radially spaced concentrically of said neck portion, the base of the neck portion and the base of the shoulder flange portion being in a common plane cross-sectionally of the shank in axially spaced relation to the rivet head.

4. A preformed unitary rivet comprising a head and an integral shank portion of predetermined diameter less than said head, said shank including a coaxially extending neck portionof reduced diameter and a straight cylindrical shoulder flange portion radially spaced concentrically of said neck portion, said neck portion extending axially outward beyond said shoulder flange portion and the base of the neck portion and the base of the shoulder flange portion being in a common plane cross-sectionally of the shank in axially spaced relation to the head.

5. A preformed unitary bolt comprising a head and an integral shank portion of predetermined diameter less than said head, said shank including a coaxially extending neck portion of reduced diameter and a straight cylindrical shoulder flange portion radially spaced concentrically of said neck portion, the base of the neck portion and the base of the shoulder flange portion being in a common plane cross-sectionally of the shank in axially spaced relation to the bolt head, and threads on the exterior of said shank for at least a portion of the axial length thereof between the bolt head and the common plane of the bases of the shoulder flange and neck portions thereof.

6. A preformed unitary bolt comprising a head and an integral shank portion of predetermined diameter less than said head, said shank including a coaxially extending neck portion of reduced diameter and a straight cylindrical shoulder flange portion radially spaced concentrically of said neck portion, said neck portion extending axially outward beyond said shoulder flange portion and the base of the neck portion and the base of the shoulder flange portion being in a common plane cross-sectionally of the shank in axially spaced relation to the bolt head, and threads on the exterior of said shank for at least a portion of the axial length thereof between the bolt head and the common plane of the bases of the shoulder flange and neck portions thereof.

SAMUEL MILONE. CHARLES W. ROTHFELD. 

